The Veneer Hydraulic Peeling Machine is the core host equipment in plywood production lines, representing a modern evolution of the traditional spindle-type peeling lathe. It utilizes a powerful hydraulic system to drive and control core actions, replacing older mechanical transmissions. This enables greater clamping force, smoother operation, and a higher degree of automation. This machine is primarily used to peel pre-softened and cross-cut logs into continuous, uniformly thick, high-quality veneer ribbons. It is the primary process equipment for manufacturing man-made boards like plywood and blockboard.

Its operating principle is based on "center clamping and rotary cutting," with hydraulic technology applied throughout:

1.  Hydraulic Clamping: The log is placed onto the machine, and the hydraulic system is activated. The Drive Spindle and Tailstock Spindle, driven by hydraulic cylinders, move synchronously from left and right towards the center, forcing their sharp heads into and through the ends of the log. This hydraulic clamping provides immense holding power, ensuring even hard or large-diameter logs are securely fixed without slippage.

2.  Hydraulically Driven Rotation: The main motor, via hydraulic transmission or a combination with mechanical drive, rotates the Drive Spindle, thereby turning the firmly clamped log at a uniform speed.

3.  Knife Carriage Feed: Synchronized with the log's rotation, the Knife Carriage equipped with the peeling knife is driven by the feed system (often a hydraulic motor or servo motor with a lead screw) to move precisely in a straight line towards the log. The veneer thickness is determined by the feed distance per revolution of the carriage.

4.  Hydraulic Following and Retraction: This is a key advantage. As peeling progresses and the log diameter decreases, the spindles of the hydraulic peeler, controlled by the hydraulic system, automatically and smoothly retract towards the center (following), maintaining effective clamping on the log. When peeling reaches a preset minimum core diameter, the system automatically retracts the knife and spindles, allowing the small core to be removed.

1.  Hydraulic System: The "muscles" of the machine, includes the Hydraulic Power Unit (motor, oil pump, tank), Control Valve Assembly (directional, pressure, flow valves), and Actuators (clamping cylinders, advance/retract cylinders). It provides power for all movements.

2.  Spindle System: Includes the Drive Spindle (rotated by hydraulic or electric motor) and the Tailstock Spindle (typically moved on rails by hydraulic force). The spindle heads are specially hardened for durability.

3.  Knife Carriage Assembly:

Includes:

      Peeling Knife: The core cutting component.

      Pressure Bar: Crucial. It pre-compresses wood fibers in front of the knife edge, preventing checks (splits) on the back of the veneer and guiding its smooth exit and curling.

      Pressure Bar Holder and Adjustment Mechanism: For precise adjustment of the gap and relative position between the pressure bar and knife edge.

4.  Base and Bed: A high-rigidity structure made from large castings or thick steel plates, ensuring stability under immense hydraulic load and cutting forces without deformation.

5.  Electrical Control System: Typically employs a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and HMI (Touch Screen Interface). It serves as the "brain" for setting veneer thickness, controlling the entire work cycle, and displaying fault information, enabling precise control in modern hydraulic peelers.

  Powerful Drive, Wide Applicability: The immense hydraulic clamping force easily handles the peeling of large-diameter and high-hardness wood, offering a wide range of applications.

  Extremely Smooth Operation: Hydraulic transmission inherently dampens vibrations, resulting in smoother log rotation and knife feed. This significantly reduces vibration, producing veneer with more uniform thickness and a smoother surface.

  High Yield: Hydraulic clamping allows peeling down to a smaller core diameter (e.g., as low as around Φ70mm), reducing wood waste compared to some older models.

  High Automation, Labor-Saving: The entire process from loading, clamping, peeling, to knife retraction can be controlled by PLC programs, greatly reducing operator labor intensity and skill requirements.

  High Reliability and Durability: The hydraulic system operates reliably, and core components like spindles and the bed are ruggedly designed to withstand continuous, high-intensity production environments.

I. Core Processing Capacity Parameters

These parameters determine the size of raw materials the machine can handle and the product specifications it can produce.

1. Maximum Peelable Log Length: The maximum length of logs the machine can process. This directly determines the width of the output veneer.

   Common Range: 1300mm, 2600mm, 2700mm, 4100mm, etc. Can be customized according to customer requirements.

2. Peelable Log Diameter Range: The minimum and maximum log diameters that the machine can effectively peel.

  Maximum Diameter: e.g., Φ400mm, Φ600mm, Φ800mm, etc. Determined by the clamping force of the spindles and the rigidity of the machine.

  Minimum Diameter: Usually refers to the minimum core diameter at the end of peeling, e.g., Φ65mm, Φ80mm. The smaller this value, the higher the yield.

3. Veneer Thickness Range: The range of veneer thicknesses the machine can produce. Achieved by adjusting the ratio of the knife carriage feed rate to the spindle speed.

   Common Range: Typically 0.8mm - 4.5mm. Some high-end models have a wider range, e.g., 0.5mm - 12mm. Can be adjusted steplessly or in steps within this range.

II. Power and Performance Parameters

These parameters reflect the core driving capability and performance level of the machine.

4. Main Motor Power: The power of the main motor that drives the spindles. Higher power means stronger driving capability, better suited for hardwoods and large-diameter logs.

   Common Range: 15kW, 22kW, 30kW, 37kW, 45kW, etc.

5. Hydraulic System Working Pressure: The rated working pressure of the hydraulic system. Higher pressure means greater spindle clamping force and better system rigidity.

   Common Range: 16 MPa, 20 MPa, 25 MPa, etc.

6. Spindle Speed / Peeling Linear Speed

  Explanation:

    Spindle Speed: The rotational speed of the spindles in revolutions per minute (rpm). It affects production efficiency.

    Peeling Linear Speed: The tangential speed at the outer surface of the log (meters per second). This is a more scientific indicator as it directly relates to cutting quality and efficiency.

   Common Range: Speed might be 0-150 rpm; linear speed might be 20-60 m/min.

III. Precision and Control Parameters

These parameters relate to the quality of the output veneer.

7. Veneer Thickness Tolerance: A key quality indicator measuring the thickness uniformity of the peeled veneer across its entire length and width. A smaller value indicates higher precision.

  Typical Values: ±0.05 mm, ±0.02 mm, etc.

8. Control Mode: The level of automation of the equipment. Economy models might use manual buttons, while modern standards are PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) + Touch Screen (HMI).

IV. Mechanical Structure Parameters

9. Spindle Specification: Includes the length, diameter, and type of spindle head (tips). This directly affects clamping stability and the suitable log sizes.

10. Machine Overall Dimensions and Weight：Used to assess installation space and transportation requirements.

Typical Parameter Table Example